CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGY № 2(10) / 2014

MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF ENDOCRINE CELLS AND NEURAL STRUCTURES IN ADOLESCENT BOY WITH DIABETES

V.M. Barabanov, V.I. Gulimova, E.I. Fokin, S.V. Saveliev

The pancreas of the boy of 13 years 11 months old with untreated type I diabetes was studied by histological and immunohistochemical methods. Mallory’s stain and hematoxylin-eosin stain were applied together with the immunohistochemical detection of glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, neuron-specific beta-III-tubulin, tyrosine hydroxylase and neuron-specific enolase. In diabetes the amount of islets was decreased compared with control and the glucagon-positive islets prevailed greatly over insulin-positive ones. In spite of the total absence of insulin-producing cells in the most of pancreatic islets, the expression of glucagon, neuron-specific enolase and somatostatin was preserved. There were no injuries of pancreatic innervation in diabetes. The net of neuron-specific beta-III-tubulin-positive fibers was manifested no less than in control. If autoimmune aggression upon beta-cells took place in this case, it did not affect the neural structures of pancreas.

Key words: type I diabetes, pancreas, immunohistochemistry, insulin, glucagon, neuron-specific beta-IIItubulin, neuron-specific enolase, somatostatin, tyrosine hydroxylase

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HEMOMICROCIRCULATORY PERIODONTITIS BED IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

Y.B. Riznyk, V.I. Kovalyshyn

In the patients with generalized periodontitis the gingival ultrastructure was studied. There were three groups of patients with initial, first and second stages of generalized periodontitis. The ultrastructure disturbances of the circulatory capillaries of gums, in case of periodontitiswas manifested by considerable endothelial cell’s hyperplasia, their organelles destruction, edema of pericapillar space. There was observed the increasing of a number of sticky thrombocytes and erythrocytes, during the hemolysis phenomenon, there was increased the diapedesis – of form blood elements – into a pericapillar space, the microthrombs are formed.

Key words: periodontal tissues, capillaries ultrastructure, endothelial dysfunction, generalized periodontitis

HUMAN ACCESSORY OLFACTORY BULBS IN THE PRENATAL ONTOGENESIS

A.S. Kharlamova, S.V. Saveliev, V.M. Barabanov

There are widely accepted that the human accessory (vomeronasal) olfactory system is going to regress in the prenatal development. The primary accessory olfactory center – the accessory olfactory bulbs (AOB) – is observed in the human fetuses on the stages early then 20 weeks of prenatal development and failed to find in adults. It is believed that AOB degenerate before birth in the human ontogenesis. In the present study we have described AOB in the all examined human fetuses 8-35 week-old in comparison with the main olfactory bulbs. Histological and immunoсhistohemical data are provided. Our data indicate that the time of the AOB degeneration should be revise.

Key words: vomeronasal system, SNAP-25, human fetuses, prenatal development

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN LUNGS OF SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS AT AEROSOL EXPOSURE OF SEPHADEX A-25

O.V. Makarova, L.P. Mikhaylova, A.S. Sladkopevtsev, Ye.V. Nikonova, Ye.I. Sidorova, 
Ye.B. Yudina

The study of structural changes in lungs, bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, bronchoalveolarlavage was conducted on Sprague Dawley rats after aerosol exposure of Sephadex A-25. The Sephadex A-25 – glucose polymer, hydrophilic powder with a predominance of particles with a diameter of 20-40 microns (Pharmacia Uppsala, Sweden) – was introduced under ether narcosis, using an original dosing device for inhalation administration of dry powders, in a dozeof 1 mg/kg of rat’s weight. It was shown, that the aerosol exposure of Sephadex A-25 causes in Sprague Dawley rats on the 7–21th days a bronchitis, alveolitis, emphysema and bronchus associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia. On the 80th day after aerosol exposure of Sephadex A-25 the prevalence of alveolitis didn’t decrease, neutrophilic inflammatory component was substituted for lymphoid histiocytic reaction with an outcome for fibrosis.

Keywords: Sprague Dawley rats, lungs, aerosol exposure, Sephadex A-25, inflammation, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchus associated lymphoid tissue

INFRADIAN BIORHYTHMS OF STRUCTURE-FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX ZONES OF MATURE MALES WISTAR RAT

M.E. Diatroptov, M.V. Kondashevskaya, V.A. Mkhitarov

The study of the dynamics change in the width of structural and functional zones of the adrenal cortex and corticosterone and testosterone levels in the blood serum in adult male Wistar rats had been done for 15 days. The 4-day rhythm was installed in the dynamics of changes in the width of the functional zones of the adrenal cortex, and serum levels of testosterone and corticosterone. Indicators of the zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis width have maximum values in the same calendar dates, when zona fasciculata – a day later. It was shown that the maximum thickness of the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex came before acrophase in the dynamics of testosterone levels, while maximum thickness of the zona fasciculata and corticosterone levels in serum were observed in the same calendar dates. Therefore, we have determined the infradian biorhythms of structural changes zones of the adrenal cortex, and corticosterone and testosterone levels in the blood serum in male Wistar rats.

Key words: infradian biorhythm, adrenal cortex, corticosterone, testosterone, male rat

INFLUENCE OF THE INTRAVENOSIS INFUSION BY LACTOPROTEINUM-S ON STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE ENDOCRINE CELLS IN THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND IN THE THYMUS DURING EXPERIMENTAL BURN DISEASE IN RAT

I.V. Gunas, E.V. Cherkasov, I.V. Dzevulska, O.I. Kovalchuk

The article presents data in relation to the changes of thymuc and adrenal cortex structure during experimental burn disease in rat under the condition of its treatment by the intravenosisinfusion of lactoproteinum-S. Lactoproteinum-S protects the damage of vessel wall and has a membranoplastic influence on the thymic structure. In this situation endocrine cells show ultrasructural signs of endocrine activation.

Key words: burn disease, adrenal cortex, thymus, electronic and light microscopy

CYTOTOXICITY OF DOXORUBICIN ASSOCIATED WITH POLYBUTILCYANOCRILATE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST LINES GLIAL TUMORS OF THE RAT BRAIN IN VITRO

I.M. Bogdanova

On the major trend in cancer therapy – the development of nowel approaches to reduce toxicity and increase the selectivity of drugs in the treatment of malignancies. Furthemoreacquisition of tumor cells the resistance to cytostatics is reason for the failure of anticancer therapy. The application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy in many cases can successfully solve these problems. For example the use cytostatics in complex with nanocarriers leads to a significant increase in the efficacy of the anticancer agents. In present study we evaluated the possibility to increase the efficacy of doxorubicin in cancer cells killing in rat glioma сell lines 101.8 and C6. We found a significant increase in toxicity doxorubicin bound to polybutylcyanocrylat nanoparticles against highly resistant glioma C6. This effect is almost not expressed in relation to the highly sensitive line 101.8.

Key words: doxorubicin, nanoparticles, glial tumours of the rat brain

NADPH-DIAPHORASE IN THE NASAL MUCOSA OF RATS WITH A MODEL OF CHRONIC SMOKING

Y.B. Lepeiko, E.A. Gilifanov, V.A. Nevzorova, I.V. Dyuizen

Using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, we evaluated the dynamics of NO synthesis in the nasal mucosa of rats with a model of chronic smoking. All NADPH-d-positive elements of mucosa change under prolonged tobacco exposure condition. The activity of epithelial goblet cells, excretory ducts and amount of mast cells significantly increases, while the activity of secretory segments of submucosal glands dramatically decreases. Data obtained confirms the role of NO-ergic signal mechanism in the development of structural and functional changes of the nasal mucosa in nicotine-associated pathology.

Key words: NADPH-diaphorase, nitric oxide, chronic smoking, nasal mucosa, remodeling

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SKIN AND APPENDAGES OF IN OFFSPRING OF MURINE DAMS EXPOSED TO IMMUNOSTIMULATION IN EARLY PREGNANCY

N.V. Yaglova, S.S. Obernikhin

The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of stimulation of maternal immunity by single administration of concanavalin A and adaptive transfer of activated in vivo splenocytes in early pregnancy on development of skin and appendages in mice. Transient hair loss in litter pups began spontaneously on 17^th day after birth. Histological examination of the skin found decreased number of hair follicles and sebaceous glands and deficit of dermal intercellular matrix. Quantification of dermal cells revealed reduction of total cell number, including number of mast cells, and prevalence of neutrophils at the onset of hair loss. Next generations of these offspring developed similar alopecia areata. The data obtained suggest that stimulation of maternal immunity in early pregnancy changes pre- and postnatal morphogenesis of the fetal skin and causes alopecia areata in offspring, which becomes an inherited characteristic of further generations.

Key words: skin, hair, development, prenatal exposure, alopecia

DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM CAUSED BY GENE MUTATIONS

L.F. Kurilo

The definition, ethiopathological mechanisms of hereditary reproductive disorders (as results of gene mutations) are reported.

Key words: gene, genes mutations, genitals organs, genitals system, gonads, gamete, oogenesis,spermаtogenesis, AZF locus, XX-male, hereditary development disorders

ABOUT NEW STRUCTURES IN THE WALL OF LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES

G.G. Aminova

The article examines the controversial questions, concerning the latest data on a structure and classification of lymphatic capillaries.

Key words: lymphatic capillaries